Technical Debt and Software Erosion
Technical Debt, Software Decay, Software Rot or Software Erosion is the gradual deterioration of the structure of a software’s source code. The noticeable signs of technical debt and the aforementioned include a decline in performance, the decreasing ability to adapt the code to new needs and thus an increase of programme errors.
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Technical Debt - Chronic Pain for Developers and Entrepreneurs
Technical debt, also known as software decay, software rot or software erosion, refers to the progressive degradation of a software application's codebase. This deterioration manifests in various ways, such as reduced performance, a growing difficulty in modifying the code to meet new requirements, and an increase in programming errors.
Software maintenance, evolution and modification to the software also require an increasing amount of time and effort, making the implementation of updates more difficult. What begins with small and undocumented omissions and additions over time impacts the understanding of the software since the various deviations from the original architecture make the code incomprehensible. It becomes difficult to test and failures in the field become more frequent. To avoid rendering the code unusable, proper refactoring is required.
What is Technical Debt?
Technical debt is a term widely used in software development to describe the repercussions of taking shortcuts or making undocumented technical trade-offs during the development process. It encompasses the additional work required in the future due to opting for expedient solutions over more optimal ones.
The concept of technical debt can be compared to financial debt. Just as financial debt incurs interest payments, technical debt accumulates 'interest' in the form of increased complexity, decreased productivity, and potential risks to software stability and maintainability.
Examples of technical debt in software development are abundant. They include using deprecated libraries or frameworks, applying temporary patches instead of addressing underlying issues, and neglecting comprehensive testing. While these shortcuts may save time initially, they often result in long-term consequences that can impede development, escalate costs, and compromise the overall quality of the software.
In a Nutshell: What is Technical Debt? What is Software Erosion?
Impact and Consequences of Technical Debt
Compromised Software Quality
One of the most significantly adverse effects of technical debt is its impact on the internal and external software quality. When developers take shortcuts to meet deadlines or deliver new features quickly, they may compromise internal code quality. This increases the likelihood of bugs and defects, resulting in a less stable and reliable software product and ultimately, can negatively affect external software quality and lead to bad user experience and lower customer satisfaction.
Time-consuming changes required
As technical debt grows, it becomes increasingly difficult and time-consuming to implement changes or add new features to the software. The lack of proper documentation and poorly structured code not following the architecture ideas of the system can hinder especially new team members from understanding the system, leading to inefficiencies and potential bottlenecks in the development process.
Long-term effect on maintainability
Technical debt also has a long-term impact on the software’s maintenance and scalability. The complexity and fragility of the codebase impede the ability to make necessary changes, updates or enhancements, making the software less flexible and limiting its scalability in the long run.
Good to Know: Why Do We Use the Term Software Erosion?
Throughout our website and in our documents, many times you will see us using the term Software Erosion instead of Technical Debt. Here is why:
Technical debt can be compared to financial debt and implies a conscious decision and with that the notion that it is someone’s fault or at least responsibility. Software Erosion – while used interchangeably with technical debt – is better explained by comparing it to natural erosion. It happens. Whether we want it or not. We believe it is important not to assume that someone deliberately tried to corrupt the software. The eroding factors in nature are heat, cold, wind, water, ice etc. – whereas in software development, the developers themselves driven by time pressure and scarce resources are the eroding factors:
Code clones, violations against coding guidelines, metric outliers, architecture deviations are the cracks in the rock of our source code.
Mitigating and Managing Technical Debt
To effectively mitigate and manage technical debt, developers must find a balance between speed and quality in the development cycle. Prioritizing code refactoring, implementing best practices, and dedicating time to improve the internal quality of the codebase are crucial strategies. These efforts can gradually reduce technical debt and enhance overall internal and external software quality.
By relying on automated static code analysis, you can prevent irreversible damage to your software, as any deviation is flagged immediately and issues can be fixed before harm is done. Whether this pertains the software architecture or compliance with coding guidelines and standards – the earlier bugs and deviations are detected, the easier it is to fix them.
A development cycle free of technical debt offers long-term benefits, such as increased productivity, faster time-to-market, improved customer satisfaction, and lower development costs. Avoiding technical debt from the outset is critical.
Dive deeper on our blog: "Addressing Technical Debt in Expansive Software Projects"
Balancing Speed and Quality in Development
In software development, finding the right balance between rapid development and technical debt aka software erosion is crucial. Software erosion refers to the accumulation of suboptimal code or design choices that can hinder future development and maintenance. While speed is often prioritized in today's fast-paced market, it is essential to consider the long-term implications of taking shortcuts.
Effective decision-making plays a significant role in minimizing future software erosion. By investing time in upfront planning, thorough code reviews, and adherence to coding best practices, development teams can reduce the accumulation of software erosion over time.
Another key factor for maintaining a healthy balance between speed and quality is the collaboration between development and business stakeholders. By involving the main stakeholders in the decision-making process, developers can gain valuable insights and ensure that business needs are met. Regular communication and feedback loops help align development efforts with business goals without compromising internal and external code quality.
Factors that contribute to the accumulation of technical debt:
Tight deadlines
Limited resources
Prioritizing speed over quality
Inadequate documentation
Lack of code refactoring
Poor architectural decisions
Evolving business requirements
Software Architecture Verification and Static Code Analysis Help Tackle Technical Debt
To measure and track the quality of software regularly, thorough code reviews are needed. However, doing this manually is next to impossible. Therefore, tools such as Axivion Suite should be utilized to automate these checks and identify potential software erosion/technical debt.
Axivion makes navigating the software’s complexity easy and identifies issues such as duplicated or dead code, and deviations from coding guidelines and standards. It also provides a clear understanding of a software’s architecture and ensures that modifications to the software do not violate the defined architecture. The sophisticated delta-analysis allows teams to monitor and track the progress of resolving flagged issues, and a clear overview of which deviations will lead to software erosion in future.
Learn more about Axivion Static Code Analysis
Learn more about Axivion Architecture Verification
Long-Term Benefits of an Erosion-Free Development Cycle
One significant long-term benefit of an erosion-free development cycle is enhanced software maintainability and scalability. By minimizing software erosion, developers can ensure that the software remains easy to understand, can be modified without issues, and can expanded when needed. This leads to a significant reduction of maintenance costs, less time spent on bug-fixing, and seamless integration with other systems. Additionally, an erosion-free development cycle enables software to scale efficiently, accommodating increasing user demands without compromising performance or stability.A clean codebase allows developers to focus on delivering new features and functionalities, leading to faster development cycles and higher job satisfaction. Reduced frustration and increased pride in their work can significantly boost team morale and productivity.
Furthermore, an erosion-free development cycle fosters increased innovation and agility in software development. Software Erosion can be a barrier to innovation, as developers may be constrained by the limitations imposed by poorly designed or inefficient code. By proactively protecting code from software erosion, developers can experiment with new ideas, adopt emerging technologies, and implement improvements more easily.
Did You Know?
A stripe.com study of 2018 estimated that if developers were used effectively, they have the collective potential to raise the global GDP by $3 trillion over the next ten years. Though, unfortunately 33% of the working time of developers is spent to deal with technical debt and a total of 42% is spent with software maintenance in general.
Struggling with Technical Debt, too?
We are here to help – our mission is to free you from technical debt or at least keep you in control to keep your software maintainable and secure. Contact us today and we will help you make your development more effective again.
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